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“ Humor is the only test of gravity,
and gravity of humor; for a subject which will not
bear raillery is suspicious, and a jest which will not
bear serious examination is false wit. ”
“ If liberty and equality, as is thought by some are
chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best
attained when all persons alike share in the
government to the utmost. ”
“ The aim of art is to represent not the outward
appearance of things, but their inward significance. ”
" Nicomachean Ethics " … " Metaphysics " … " On The Soul " … " Poetics " … " Politics " … " On The Heavens " … " Posterior Analytics " … " Introduction To Aristotle " … " A New Aristotle Reader " ... " Aristotle: On The Soul Parva Naturalia On Breath " ... " Aristotle: Selections " ... " On Poetry And Style " … " Topics And Sophistical Refutations " … " The Ethics Of Aristotle " … “ Athenian Constitution " … " Aristotle'S Constitution Of Athens " … " Generation Of Animals " … " The Art Of Rhetoric " … " Prior Analytics " … " The Complete Works Of Aristotle " … " On Sense And The Sensible " … " The Works Of Aristotle V. 6: On The Soul " … " A Guided Tour Of Selections From Aristotle'S Nicomachean Ethics "… " The Categories: On Interpretation " … " History Of Animals " … " Magna Moralia " … " Rhetoric " … " Parts Of Animals " … " On Generation And Corruption " … " Meteorology " … " Mechanics " … " Protrepticus " … " On Plants " … " Physics, Or Natural Hearing " … " Poetics I " … " Physics " … " The Organon " … " Works Of Aristotle "
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing ethics, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics.
Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics. In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.
In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals and revered as – "The First Teacher".
His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics. All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues (Cicero described his literary style as "a river of gold"), it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.
Aristotle, whose name means "the best purpose" was born in Stagira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC. His father Nicomachus was the personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. Although there is little information on Aristotle childhood, he probably did spend some time then in the Macedonian palace, making his first connections with the Macedonian monarchy.
At about the age of eighteen, he went to Athens to continue his education at Plato's Academy. Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before leaving Athens in 348/47 BC. The traditional story about his departure reports that he was disappointed with the direction the academy took after control passed to Plato's nephew Speusippus upon his death, although it is possible that he feared anti-Macedonian sentiments and left before Plato had died.
He then traveled with Xenocrates to the court of his friend Hermias of Atarneus in Asia Minor. While in Asia, Aristotle traveled with Theophrastus to the island of Lesbos, where together they researched the botany and zoology of the island. Aristotle married Hermias's adoptive daughter (or niece) Pythias. She bore him a daughter, whom they named Pythias. Soon after Hermias' death, Aristotle was invited by Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor to his son Alexander in 343 BC.
Aristotle was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon. During that time he gave lessons not only to Alexander, but also to two other future kings: Ptolemy and Cassander. Aristotle encouraged Alexander toward eastern conquest, and his attitude towards Persia was unabashedly ethnocentric. In one famous example, he counsels Alexander to be "a leader to the Greeks and a despot to the barbarians, to look after the former as after friends and relatives, and to deal with the latter as with beasts or plants"
By 335 BC he had returned to Athens, establishing his own school there known as the Lyceum. Aristotle conducted courses at the school for the next twelve years. While in Athens, his wife Pythias died and Aristotle became involved with Herpyllis of Stagira, who bore him a son whom he named after his father, Nicomachus
It is during this period in Athens from 335 to 323 BC when Aristotle is believed to have composed many of his works. Aristotle wrote many dialogues, only fragments of which survived.